Morocco-Syria Relations: A Tale of Support and Betrayal
The relationship between Morocco and Syria is characterized by fraternal support and apparent betrayal, particularly from the Assad regime. Despite Morocco’s military assistance during the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and ongoing humanitarian efforts for Syrian refugees, Syria's alignment with the Polisario Front and animosity towards King Hassan II reflect deep-seated tensions.
HASSAN BENYOUB 
The complex history of Morocco-Syria relations is marked by moments of fraternal support and unexpected betrayals, highlighting the Assad regime's ingratitude towards the Kingdom of Morocco. This article explores the key events that shaped this tumultuous relationship, from military cooperation to political tensions.
The Paradox of Support and Opposition
The relationship between Morocco and Syria's Baathist regime has been asymmetrical since the early 1970s. While Morocco consistently extended fraternal gestures, the Syrian regime often acted ungratefully. Former Syrian Foreign Minister Abdel Halim Khaddam aptly summarized this dynamic: "We fought against King Hassan II, but he supported us against Israel".
Military Cooperation in the Face of Adversity
Morocco's Crucial Support in the 1973 War
In a surprising turn of events, King Hassan II decided to send Moroccan troops to support Syria in the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, despite previous tensions. This decision was part of a broader strategy to:
- Neutralize Syria's support for internal enemies
- End armed struggle within Morocco
- Improve relations with Hafez al-Assad
The Moroccan Expedition
- General Abdessalam Safrioui led the Moroccan mission
- Nearly 5,500 soldiers were deployed
- Sophisticated military equipment was provided
- A military parade in Rabat marked the troops' departure
The Battle of Mount Sheikh and Its Aftermath
The Moroccan participation in the war resulted in significant casualties, with over 170 Moroccan soldiers losing their lives in the Battle of Mount Sheikh. Controversies surrounding internal betrayals and miscommunication have since emerged, casting a shadow over this act of solidarity.
Betrayal and Ingratitude
Support for the Polisario Front
Despite Morocco's support during the 1973 war, Syria under Hafez al-Assad began supporting the Polisario Front as early as 1973. The Zabadani camp in Syria continued to train young people with the aim of overthrowing King Hassan II's regime throughout the 1970s
Hafez al-Assad's Animosity
Hafez al-Assad harbored a deep hatred for Hassan II, accusing him of meddling in Middle Eastern affairs. This animosity persisted despite Morocco's continued support for Syria in times of crisis.
Morocco's Unwavering Commitment
Despite the ingratitude shown by the Syrian regime, Morocco has consistently demonstrated tolerance and support for the Syrian people:
- Deployment of a medical-surgical field hospital in Jordan for Syrian refugees
- Welcoming Syrian refugees expelled from Algeria
- Providing medical services to over 217,000 Syrian refugees in 2016
Conclusion
The history of Morocco-Syria relations under the Assad regime is a testament to Morocco's commitment to Arab solidarity, even in the face of betrayal and ingratitude. As Syria faces new challenges, Morocco's past actions serve as a reminder of the complex dynamics that shape international relations in the Arab world.
